TYPES OF REACTOR AND DETAILS CONCEPT. ~ ELECTRICAL KNOWLEDGE

Reactor has many roles to play in electrical power system. The reactors are normally classified according to their modes of applications. Such as,

Shunt Reactor
Current Limiting and Neutral Earthing Reactor
Damping Reactor
Tuning Reactor
Earthing Transformer
Arc Suppression Reactor
Smoothing Reactor etc.

From constructional point of view the reactors re classified as

Air Core Reactor
Gapped Iron Core Reactor

From operational point of view they can be classified as

Variable Reactor
Fixed Reactor.

In addition to these the reactor can also be classified as

Indoor Type or
Outdoor Type Reactor.

Shunt Reactor

This reactor normally connected in parallel in the system. Normal purpose of shunt reactor is to compensate the capacitive component of current in the system. That means, this reactor is mainly used for absorbing VAR (Reactive Power) generated due to capacitive effect of the system. In substation, shunt reactors are connected normally between line and ground. The VAR absorbed by the reactor can be fixed or variable depending on the system requirement. The variation of VAR in the reactor can be achieved by using phase control thyristors or by dc magnetizing of the iron core. This variation can also be achieved by off line or online tap changer associated with the reactor. Shunt reactor can be either single phase or three phase depending upon the configuration of the power system.
Shunt reactor can be either air cored or gapped iron cored depending upon its designing feature.
This can also be magnetically shield or without magnetic shield.
The shunt reactors can also be designed with additional loading winding for supplying auxiliary power to the system.

Series Reactor

Current Limiting Reactor is a kind of Series Reactors. Series Reactors are connected in the system in series. They are normally used to limit the fault current in the system or to facilitate proper load sharing in a parallel power network. When a series reactor is connected with alternator, we refer it is Generator Line Reactor. This is to minimize the stresses during three phase short circuit fault.
Series reactor may also be connected in series in the feeder or electrical bus to minimize the effect of short circuit fault at other parts of the system. As effect of short circuit current in that portion of the system becomes limited, the short circuit current withstand rating of the equipment and conductors of that portion of the system can be smaller. This makes the system cost effective.
When a reactor of suitable rating is connected between neutral and earth connection of a system, to limit the line to earth current during earth fault in the system, it is called Neutral Earthing Reactor.

When a capacitor bank is switch on in uncharged condition there may be a high inrush current flowing through it. To limit this inrush current reactor is connected in series with each phase of the capacitor bank. The reactor used for this purpose is known as damping reactor. This damps the transient condition of capacitor. It also helps to suppress the harmonics present in the system. This reactors are typically rated with its highest inrush current in addition to its continues current carrying capacity.
The wave trap connected in series with the feeder line is kind of reactor. This reactor along with Coupling Capacitor of the line creates a filter circuit to block the frequencies other than power frequency. This type of reactors is mainly used to facilitate Power Line Carrier Communication. This is called Tuning Reactor. As it is used to create filter circuit, it is also called filter reactor. Commonly and popularly it is known as Wave Trap.

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