Transformer work on the principle of mutual induction. It requires alternative source of supply. When a DC supply is given to transformer, the rate of change of flux is zero which means a constant flux is links with primary and secondary winding. Therefore the output voltage is zero.
Secondly, as the rate of change of flux is zero, there will be no back EMF induced in the primary winding to oppose the applied voltage and since the resistance of primary winding is quite low because inductive reactance (XL) is zero due to the inductive reactance formula ( XL = 2πfl ) where the frequency is zero for DC. Therefore primary will draw Heavy current that may cause burning out of the primary winding.
In short, when DC supply is given to a transformer its secondary output will zero and primary winding may burn out.
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